Report to congress on indoor air quality, volume ii. Air pollution and its effects on health case studies, india. Air pollution, facts and information national geographic. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in. Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air. Environmental protection agency sets and enforces air quality standards only for ambient air. Air pollution is a mix of particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. To prevent this staggering loss of life we must understand the.
Sources of air pollution in europe air pollution is not the same anywhere. Assessment and control of indoor air pollution, pp. Air pollution reference list authors title and citation link to article balakrishnan k et al addressing the burden of disease attributable to air pollution in india. Very small fragments of solid materials or liquid droplets suspended in air are called particulates. Effect of legislative regulations and economic transformation on the air quality. W orldwide epidemiological studies show a consistent increase in cardiac and respiratory morbidity and mortality from exposure to particulate matter hn11 pm 1233. Fineparticulate air pollution and life expectancy in the united states. We need the tools and methods of epidemiology to judge them. Bold action needed to address vietnams air pollution. The following list will help you get started with the transition to improving the quality of your life by addressing the problem of air pollution and learning about ways of reducing it.
This paper presents the issue of air pollution and discusses the latest findings of fundamental research with regard to its consequences on human health. Air pollution, release into the atmosphere of various gases, finely divided solids, or finely dispersed liquid aerosols at rates that exceed the natural capacity of the environment to dissipate and dilute or absorb them. An increase or decrease in the composition of these gases is harmful to. Recent estimates suggest that the disease burden due to air pollution is substantial. Different pollutants are released into the atmosphere from a wide range of sources, including industry, transport, agriculture, waste management and households. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to. Air pollution is a major problem of recent decades, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. For example, solid particulates between roughly 1 and. Pm is a key ingredient of polluted air and is estimated to kill more than 500,000 people each year 44. Air pollution includes both ambient outdoor and household indoor air pollution. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security mark z.
Air pollution and equity over the past decade, an ever increasing number of epidemiological studies have linked urban air pollution, particularly particulate matter, to increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Except for airborne lead, which is treated as a separate category, they are characterized on the basis of size and phase i. Its two biggest cities, hanoi and ho chi minh city, are now among the top 15 polluted cities in southeast asia. Air pollution definition, causes, effects and control.
Living organisms can survive without water for some time but cannot survive without air because when we breathe then we intake oxygen from air and. This paper discusses the health impacts arising from ambient and household air pollution globally and at the national level india and recommends policy measures to reduce the health impact from air pollution in the national context. The sources of pollution vary from small unit of cigarettes and natural sources such as volcanic activities to large volume of emission from motor engines of automobiles and industrial activities. Air pollution causes damage to human health, crops, ecosystems and cultural heritage the scientific data presented in this brochure have been collated by the working group on effects to support the revision of the 1999 protocol to abate acidification, eutrophication and. There is a certain percentage of gases present in the atmosphere. What are the causes of air pollution pollutant description and main uk sources potential effects on healthenvironment particulate matter pmpm 10 and pm 2. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. Impacts of air pollution on human health, ecosystems and. The effects of air pollution wreck havoc on human health and our planet as a whole. Pdf environmental pollution causes and consequences. While visible air pollution is a plausible cause of illness, the effects of invisible gases and very small particles are not obvious. Air pollution is shortening lives worldwide the average life span is a year shorter due to tiny particles in the air people breathe this satellite photo shows air pollution over india, where it shortens the average life span by about 1. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as.
Jacobson received 12th june 2008, accepted 31st october 2008 first published as an advance article on the web 1st december 2008 doi. High concentrations can cause undesirable health, economic, or aesthetic effects. Seabirds, gyres and global trends in plastic pollution open access. Household air pollution is linked primarily to cooking with solid biomass fuels eg, wood, charcoal, and dung, which are used by approximately 3 billion. Using improved air pollution methods in gbd 2017, we provide detailed findings on the exposure to ambient particulate matter pollution and household air pollution, and their separate impacts on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy in every state of india, as well as the impact of overall air pollution, to inform policy and interventions. Ambient air pollution sources include agricultural and industrial processes and vehicle fuel combustion. Air plays a vital role not only in nature but also in the lives of human beings and all living organisms. For example, the use of fossil fuels for transportation and other purposes releases gases like carbon dioxide co 2, carbon monoxide co and sulphur dioxide so 2. Air pollution reduces plant biodiversity and affects other ecosystem services, such as clean water, recreational activities and carbon storage. Sources of air pollution sources of air pollution 1 include natural sources 2 and humanmade sources 3. Environmental protection agency, office of air and radiation.
There are a number of air pollutants resulting from different human activities. The european environment agencys eea data confirm large decreases in air pollutant concentrations of nitrogen dioxide no2 concentrations in particular largely due to reduced traffic and other activities, especially in major cities under lockdown measures. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects the plants, animals, and humans drastically. Midatlantic states section announces air pollution essay contest winners. Air pollution refers to the presence of polluting substances in the air we breathe. Living organisms can survive without water for some time but cannot survive without air because when we breathe then we intake oxygen from air and releases carbon. This article briefly describes major air pollutants, by presenting their sources, dispersion, transformation, immission concentration of air pollutants in the ambient air, and potential effects on health and the environment. An introduction to air pollution definitions, classifications, and history.
This paper discusses the health impacts arising from ambient and household air pollution globally and at the national level india and recommends policy measures to reduce the health impact from air. Air pollution is shortening lives worldwide science news. A comparison of self reported air pollution problems and gismodeled levels of air pollution in people with and without chronic diseases. News about air pollution, including commentary and archival articles published in the new york times. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and. In the second section, the consequences of air pollution on health are documented. Thang nam do, anu vietnam is struggling with alarming air pollution. Air pollution worsened in the united states in 2017 and 2018, new data shows, a reversal after years of sustained improvement with significant implications for public health. Published by the arab school for science and technology asst.
Road transportation is one of the biggest emitters of nitrogen oxides. Air pollution contributes to climate change, hence air pollution. Also introduced are a brief history of air pollution. General article 1 consisting of section r93101 renumbered as article 1, section r182101 supp. Water and air pollution water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage cans. Air pollution facts, causes and the effects of pollutants. Most downloaded environmental pollution articles elsevier. The following studies provide evidence the better to guide public health and environmental policies. Its effects can range from higher disease risks to rising temperatures. But in some places, this pollution shortens peoples lives by more than other problems like lung cancer or poor water quality. The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and. Mar 24, 2017 air pollution ppt and pdf for free download. Recent atmospheric pollution research articles elsevier. Learn about what causes air pollution and how to help reduce the effects.
Certain air pollutants are also released from natural sources. Air pollution goes down as europe takes hard measures to. Mar, 2020 air pollution, release into the atmosphere of various gases, finely divided solids, or finely dispersed liquid aerosols at rates that exceed the natural capacity of the environment to dissipate and dilute or absorb them. Air pollution facts, causes and the effects of pollutants in. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of air pollution. Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into earths atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. Air pollutions impact on health far worse than previously thought.
Pollution research workers including chemists, toxicologists, environmentalists, conservationists, botanists, marine scientists, ecologists, biologists. Bold action needed to address vietnams air pollution east. Open journal of air pollution ojap is an openly accessible journal published quarterly. Urban air pollution, health, and equity journal of. Reductions of around half have been seen in some locations. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical. Jacques cousteau water and air pollution continue to affect the lives of many americans.
Exposure to air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide no 2 and particulate matter pm 10 and pm 2. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources. Air pollution reduces the economic value of crops and leads to expensive cleaning of cultural heritage. Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the earth during the night increasing the amount of co 2 in the atmosphere.
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